Migraine is now recognized as a “whole brain disease” that affects multiple neurological pathways. It causes symptoms such as mood changes, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, nausea, trouble sleeping, muscle weakness, vision changes, numbness, tingling, light sensitivity, and a throbbing or pulsing headache. It can be challenging to manage, so finding the right specialist is critical. Knowing the different specialists and what they have to offer may help one find the right headache doctors in their area.

• Neurologists can also help one manage migraines, as this condition affects the central nervous system. Some neurology residency programs involve headache clinics and coursework, giving them ample field knowledge. They may order tests such as an MRI, CT scan, or EEG to diagnose migraines.
• Neurosurgeons are experts on disorders that affect the brain, nerves, and the spinal cord. It may be advisable to consult a neurosurgeon if treatment does not help improve headaches or migraines. They may prescribe techniques such as deep brain stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation to manage migraines.
• If the migraines result from a sinus issue or cause ringing in the ears, consult an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist).
• Those experiencing retinal migraines or experiencing aura symptoms may benefit from consulting an ophthalmologist (eye specialist).
• For migraines caused by menstruation or pregnancy, visiting an OB/GYN may be advisable.
• Other clinicians, such as MDs, DOs, advanced nurse practitioners, physician assistants, dentists, and clinical psychologists, can also complete a specialization in headache treatment to help their patients manage migraines.

Get referrals
If working with a migraine specialist is essential, start by getting a referral from the primary care practitioner. Use the above-listed directories to find a specialist in the area. A simple browser search with the terms “top migraine specialists near me” or “headache specialists near me” may also help.
One may even speak to family and friends for recommendations on doctors they may have worked with. One can also ask for recommendations on online forums such as the Association of Migraine Disorders, Miles for Migraine, Coalition for Headache and Migraine Patients (CHAMP), Migraine World Summit, and the Headache Advocacy Network.

Conduct thorough research
Before any appointment, find out more about the doctor. Learn more about their educational background, certifications, active licenses, and experience. This can be found on the Federation of State Medical Board’s website. During this stage, it is also recommended to check for any history of malpractice or disciplinary action against them. This can be a make-or-break factor for one’s treatment.

Prepare for the appointment
After shortlisting a doctor, book an appointment with them. Here are some tips to help one prepare better:

• Be ready to describe the pain. Use a scale of 1-10 to describe the pain. Explain how the sensation feels – is it a stabbing or a throbbing pain? Does it make the area feel cold or hot? Is it constant, or does it come and go?
• Maintain a record of the pain and symptoms to give the doctor a better overview.
• Since migraine is a hereditary disease, having the family’s medical history handy would also be helpful.
• Prepare a list of questions for the doctor. These may include queries about what to expect from the treatment plan, side effects of certain treatments or prescriptions, explanations of symptoms and issues, etc.
• Ask if they have handled similar cases before and the treatment success rates.

At the appointment, pay attention to the doctor’s communication skills. Do they answer all questions appropriately or rush to finish the discussion? Do they make the patient feel welcome and comfortable? These details can go a long way in establishing trust and rapport with the doctor, leading to better treatment outcomes.

Ask about telehealth facilities
Over the last few years, many doctors have started offering telehealth facilities. This makes it easier for people in any part of the country to consult with a migraine specialist. When setting up an appointment, ask if their clinic offers telehealth facilities. This can be highly beneficial for those living away from the city or those experiencing symptoms that may hamper their driving skills.

Consider their charges
Although a neurological condition, the cost of migraine care does not have comprehensive coverage by most insurance companies in the country. Due to this, the treatment may be expensive, costing an average of $6,575 per year.
Migraine care begins with a consultation with the doctor. Depending on one’s area of residency, this initial visit may cost anywhere between $130 to $180 on average (without insurance). This cost may be down to a $30 co-pay for insured individuals. An online visit with a neurologist may be more expensive, costing between $200 to $400 on average.