All about cystic fibrosis, its symptoms, and treatment
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that impacts the cells in the body that produce mucus, digestive juices, and sweat. A defect in the genes causes the mucus secretion in the cells to become thick and sticky. Thus, instead of performing its normal function of lubrication, the mucus ends up blocking the ducts and passages in the lungs and pancreas. Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening condition.

What are the respiratory signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

• Thick mucus that is produced due to cystic fibrosis blocks the tubes that carry air to and from the lungs. This leads to breathlessness and may prove to be life-threatening.
• Other symptoms include a wheezing sound while breathing as well as the repeated onset of lung infections.
• Due to breathlessness, people with cystic fibrosis also have an intolerance for exercise.

What are the digestive signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

• Cystic fibrosis prevents the absorption of nutrients by the intestine. This leads to symptoms including severe constipation and foul-smelling, greasy stools.
• In newborn babies, cystic fibrosis leads to a condition called meconium ileus, which refers to a blockage of the intestine.

How does cystic fibrosis impact the digestive system?

• Digestive disorders stem from the buildup of excess mucus in the pancreas.
• Excess mucus affects insulin production in the pancreas and also prevents digestive juices from reaching the intestines.
• Digestive disorders in cystic fibrosis may also lead to malnutrition and weight loss.
• In the long run, a person may develop cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus.

Are there any related health complications caused due to cystic fibrosis?

• Cystic fibrosis may cause bronchiectasis, a condition that causes damage to the airways and leads to difficulty in breathing.
• Cystic fibrosis may lead to the growth of nasal polyps.
• Over time, constant pressure from different cystic fibrosis symptoms may cause patients to cough up blood.
• The thick mucus growth from cystic fibrosis provides the ideal breeding ground for bacteria. Consequently, patients of cystic fibrosis are more susceptible than most to conditions such as pneumonia and sinus infections.

How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?

• Doctors use a genetic test and certain blood tests to check for signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
• Immunoreactive trypsinogen test is a standard screening to check for cystic fibrosis symptoms in newborns.
• A sweat chloride test is also performed to check for increased levels of salt in the sweat of the individual.
• A sputum test helps evaluate the thickness of the mucus and whether there is any infection present.
• Other tests performed include a chest X-ray, a computerized tomography (CT) scan, and pulmonary function tests. Any irregularities in the results from these tests may indicate cystic fibrosis.

What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis?

• Antibiotics are prescribed in the form of capsules or injections to handle any lung infections.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help alleviate pain associated with the cystic fibrosis symptoms.
• Bronchodilators help increase airflow to the lungs. These may be taken through an inhaler or a nebulizer.
• In rarer cases, emergency cystic fibrosis treatments include a lung transplant or bowel surgery.

What are some home remedies for relief to someone living with cystic fibrosis?

• Staying hydrated with plenty of fluids such as water and green tea helps a great deal. It helps loosen thick mucus that blocks the airways and cells.
• Patients should live an active life and should make time for aerobics and other cardiovascular exercises.
• Avoid going near allergens such as pet dander, pollen, and strong aerosol sprays and perfumes that could worsen your cystic fibrosis.
• Invest in a chest clapper, which is a mechanical device that helps clear mucus from the airways.