Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition that affects approximately 7.5 million people in the country. Skin cells usually replenish every month; however, in psoriasis, they renew faster, almost on a daily basis. This rapid multiplication causes cells to build up and form scales and patches. The skin disease can be managed via prescriptions and lifestyle changes. Also, having a general picture of psoriasis, such as knowing the symptoms, causes, and more, helps minimize flare-ups.

What does psoriasis look like?

The symptoms vary depending on the type of psoriasis. Individuals with the autoimmune disease often have red patches covered by silvery scales on their skin. They are usually itchy and painful and sometimes may even bleed or crack. In severe cases, these patches on the skin extend and merge. If the fingernails and toenails are affected, their discoloration and pitting are common symptoms. The nails may crumble or detach from the nail bed in critical cases. Psoriatic arthritis may also lead to swelling and pain in the joints. 

What are the causes of psoriasis?

The exact cause of the disease is not known. However, doctors believe that a complex combination of genetics and environmental triggers results in this immune-related inflammation. Skin psoriasis has genetic risk factors and has a tendency to skip a generation. The condition can be aggravated by cuts, scrapes, emotional distress, strep infections, and even procedures like immune therapy or surgery. Fortunately, psoriasis is not contagious, so there is no need to physically isolate an individual with the condition.

How is psoriasis diagnosed?

Most people can tell if they have skin problems. One of the first symptoms of any skin condition tends to be an itchy sensation. Similarly, in psoriasis, the skin will itch, and people may feel an odd sensation on specific patches and they may notice redness and scales. Though numerous pictures are available online, it is best to not research, “what does psoriasis look like?” and self-diagnose it. Instead, visit a doctor if you suspect this condition. Your GP or dermatologist will first conduct a physical exam and look for plaques on your scalp, by the ears, in the nails, on the elbows, knees, and around the belly button. They will also enquire about the family history of the condition. If inconclusive, the doctor will ask for a biopsy, the only test that helps confirm or rule it out. 

What are the meal plans recommended for psoriasis?

While modifications in daily food habits are not a complete cure, they can prevent and manage this skin condition to a large extent. Losing excess fat by being careful with caloric intake can help ease its symptoms. Including lean proteins, vitamin supplements, and vitamin-rich foods aid in controlling flare-ups. You should avoid foods that trigger inflammation and may lead to a psoriasis attack. Examples of these items are red meat, dairy, highly processed foods, and refined sugar, to name a few. 

Mental health and psoriasis 

Numerous clinical studies indicate that stress is a trigger for the condition. Managing and coping with stress in a healthy manner has a significant impact on alleviating symptoms and reducing the frequency of flare-ups. Doctors today don’t just look at the physical symptoms of the illness but attempt to get a more holistic picture of psoriasis. While a session with a therapist can benefit one greatly, they can also take small steps by themselves as a treatment method for skin psoriasis. Meditation and breathing exercises are helpful, as are practices like Tai Chi and yoga. If, due to confidence issues, a patient does not want to join a group session for these practices, they can also explore one-on-one classes.

Emotional health and psoriasis

Research states that emotionally healthy individuals are less likely to suffer from psoriasis. But it is also observed that the skin disease negatively impacts the patient’s emotional health. Affected individuals are more likely to experience self-esteem issues and mood disorders like depression. Noticeable plaques severely damage one’s confidence and may negatively impact self-image. Individuals also tend to decrease socializing with others, which can further trigger emotional problems creating a vicious cycle of blame, loneliness, and frustration. One can consider joining a support group to be in the company of others going through the same situation and learn positive ways of coping and practice healthy thought patterns.

What are the treatment methods for skin psoriasis?

There is no permanent cure for psoriasis, and hence treatments aim to reduce inflammation and scales, remove plaques, and slow the rampant growth of skin cells. Recent developments suggest that controlling the related inflammation also reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, and metabolic syndrome. Generally, doctors recommend a combination of treatments and lifestyle changes for skin psoriasis. You may get a prescription for topical gels, ointments, and creams to reduce surface irritation. One promising avenue is light therapy. This method uses UV or natural light to kill the overactive white blood cells causing increased cell division and leading to skin inflammation.